- The “alcohol” in alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and spirits is actually ethanol, or ethyl alcohol. It’s the only type of alcohol that you can drink without causing serious damage to your body.
- Alcohol is a depressant. This means that it slows down activity in the brain.
- According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 86.4 percent of adults reported having drank alcohol at some point in their lifetime.
- The NSDUH also found that 70.1 percent of American adults had had a drink in the previous year, and 56.0 percent had had one in the previous month.
- Alcohol has a wide variety of effects. In the brain, it triggers the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that’s associated with pleasure and satisfaction.
- Stress relief is another side effect of drinking alcohol. This is caused by an increase in the uptake of another neurotransmitter, called GABA.
- Alcohol is among the
most commonly misused addictive substances. About12.7 percent of American adults meet the criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD). That’s 1 in 8 adults. - According to a
2015 study , light-eyed Americans of European descent consume more alcohol than dark-eyed Americans of European descent. - The same
study found that blue-eyed Americans of European descent had the highest levels of alcohol misuse, suggesting a genetic link that makes them more susceptible to AUD. - Alcohol is processed in the
liver , where enzymes help break down ethanol into acetaldehyde and acetate.
- The
effects associated with drinking occur when ethanol enters your bloodstream and passes through the membranes of cells in your brain, heart, and other organs. Research suggests that rates of alcohol use and high-risk use increased between 2001 and 2013.- AUD has a
genetic component . Researchers estimate that genes account for approximately half of the risk.

